Types of Over the Counter ADHD Medication
Medicines treat ADHD by targeting brain chemicals that affect the ability to focus and impulse control. The drugs come in a variety of forms, including tablets that can be swallowed or chewed as well as patches and liquids.
Stimulants, including methylphenidate (brand names Ritalin and Concerta) stimulate activity in parts of the brain that regulate attention. There are also longer-acting versions of these medications that release medication continuously throughout the day, helping lessen symptoms.
Non-stimulant drugs
Many people take medications to improve their attention and control of impulses. The most effective medication is stimulants that increase the brain chemicals norepinephrine and dopamine however, these medications have the potential to be addictive. If you find that stimulants don't work for you or have undesirable side effects, your physician might suggest switching to a medication that isn't stimulant. These medications can help alleviate symptoms, but they take longer to start working. These medications can also be more effective when paired with other treatments.
Stimulants and non-stimulant medications are the two major categories of ADHD medication. Amphétamines and methylphenidate are two of the stimulants most commonly used in treating ADHD. There are many different versions of these drugs, including immediate-release and long-acting versions. Immediate-release stimulants are taken as needed, and are usually taken at the beginning of the day. Long-acting stimulants are usually taken at least once a day in the morning. They last from six to sixteen hours. The majority of people who take these medications take a mixture of long-acting and immediate-release medication to control their symptoms throughout the day.
There are two types of non-stimulant drugs used to treat ADHD such as norepinephrine modulators and alpha agonists. Norepinephrine modulators include the atomoxetine (Stattera) and Guanfacine (Tenex, Intuniv). Clonidine (Catapres Kapvay), and Guanfacine Tenex (Intuniv) are alpha agonists for treating ADHD. The use of stimulants can be dangerous for adolescents with drug abuse problems or a history of substance misuse. Non-stimulant drugs are a viable alternative for this population since they don't have the potential for addiction or dangerous side effects.
Many people find that their first ADHD medication isn't working or causes adverse side effects that can be uncomfortable. It's important to talk to your doctor about this and try new medications when needed. Your doctor can help you determine if your current medication is causing an effect by examining for specific side effects such as heart rate changes or ringing in your ears or a change in blood pressure. It is also important to discuss any other medications or supplements that your child are taking, whether they are prescribed or over the prescription.
Antidepressants
Stimulant medications are the most popular kind of medication used to treat ADHD. They stimulate the central nervous systems that increase alertness and decrease distraction. They can also improve your concentration and have the added benefit of being able aid in feeling more in control of your mood and behavior. Most people can tolerate these medications well, however there are some side effects. Some individuals experience a loss of appetite or drowsiness. others experience an increase in heart rate or insomnia. People who have a history of bipolar or depression disorders are more likely to develop psychosis after taking stimulant medication.
Some stimulant drugs can make people feel incredibly angry or even aggressive at first, particularly when they are taking them for the first time. If these symptoms persist, patients should consult their physician to alter the dosage or try an alternative medication. These stimulants can also increase blood pressure and cause seizures in a few people. The drugs can also affect sexual function, with some experiencing delayed ejaculation as well as a reduced desire for sex.
Certain antidepressants, such as serotonin-boosting drugs, may affect the effectiveness of certain ADHD medications. medication for add adults could result in an impairment in effectiveness, therefore it is essential that people with both conditions discuss their requirements with their physician.
Certain ADHD medications can interact negatively with depression or anxiety in children and adults. Anyone suffering from both conditions should have an open discussion with their doctor and might be able find a medication that addresses all of their symptoms together.
Antidepressants are generally well-accepted by teens and adolescents, but they should be closely monitored for suicidal thoughts. If suicidal feelings are severe or persistent, you should consult a physician immediately. This can be done by dialing 911 or contacting the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-8255.
Certain antidepressants can cause feelings of anxiety, guilt and hopelessness. This is especially the case with tricyclics, such as imipramine, Tofranil and nortriptyline, (Aventyl or Pamelor). These drugs are typically prescribed off-label for ADHD but they can be beneficial in treating ADHD when other treatments have not worked.
Blood pressure medications
The medications that lower blood pressure can help in controlling ADHD symptoms, such as problems with sleep and aggression. Clonidine (Catapres) and long-acting guanfacine (Intuniv) and Atomoxetine (Atomoxetine) belong to a class of drugs called alpha agonists, which are approved to treat high blood pressure, but have been used "off label" for a number of years to treat ADHD. These medications improve sleep reduce tics, and increase concentration. They also decrease blood pressure and heart rate making them more secure than stimulants.
It's not known if these drugs affect the long-term development of brain cells in adolescents and children. Researchers are also unsure whether they will have a long-lasting impact on heart-related issues in these individuals, so some experts are skeptical of their use. Certain people could be at a higher risk of seizures when taking these medications. The American Heart Association recommends that people with a history of heart disease, stroke or other cardiovascular problems have an examination of their cardiac health prior to starting the medication.
Stimulant ADHD drugs can turn into habit-forming, and can increase heart rate and blood pressure. It can also have an adverse effect on sleep and appetite. In addition it's not suitable for babies and young children. It also has negative effects on the brains of children, which could result in addiction to drugs.
The FDA warns that adolescents and adults suffering from ADHD who suffer from untreated depression or anxiety should not take stimulant medications. People with these conditions need to seek psychosocial therapy. This includes a behavioral therapy that helps develop positive coping skills and assists in improve social interactions.
Some prescription ADHD medications may cause side effects such as stomach upset, headaches, and trouble sleeping. If the side effects are serious the doctor may reduce the dosage or switch you to another medicine. If you experience a serious side effect, such as hallucinations or heart palpitations, call your doctor right away.
The over-the-counter medicines and supplements aren't the best for treating ADHD even if they claim to do so. Many minerals and vitamins have no scientific backing, and some can interact with certain medications. It is important to inform your doctor about all of the medications and supplements you take, including the over-the-counter ones.
Other medications
Most clinical guidelines recommend stimulant medications as the first option for treatment for ADHD. Non-stimulant drugs can be equally effective in some cases. Atomoxetine (Strattera) and viloxazine (Qelbree) are FDA-approved nonstimulant ADHD medication, as are clonidine ER and guanfacine is ER are available to children between the ages of 6 and 17. These medications boost certain brain chemicals that enhance concentration as well as impulse control and working memory.
Many doctors prescribe additional medication to treat ADHD in addition to these medications. Usually, these are antidepressants or other medicines that alter brain chemical. Bupropion (Wellbutrin) is an antidepressant which can help people suffering from ADHD and tetrahydrozoline methylphenidate (Adderall XR) is a stimulant drug commonly prescribed off-label to treat the condition.
These medications may be available as capsules, tablets liquid, patches or capsules. It is important to read the labels carefully to make sure you or your child is taking the right dose. Inform your doctor if you are taking any other medications or supplements, such as herbal remedies and prescription drugs. Some can interact with ADHD medications and trigger unwanted adverse effects.
Natural remedies for ADHD can help some people however they don't have the same research backing as medications that have been approved by the FDA. For example, the herb DMAA (1,3-dimethylamylamine) is sometimes sold as an over-the-counter ADHD treatment, but the FDA warns that it can increase blood pressure and heart rate, which can lead to serious health problems. St. John's wort is another herb that people suggest for ADHD, but the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health says there is little evidence that it works as treatment for ADHD.
Over-the-counter ADHD medication is not a substitute for medical treatment. If you or your child has symptoms of the disorder, talk to your doctor about the medications. Discuss with your doctor the best treatment options should you or your child decide that a prescription medication is right. The doctor will take into consideration your family's lifestyle, any other medications your child or you uses, as well as your medical history to identify the best medication for you.